What is one believed effect of growing up as an only child according to Adlerian theory?

According to Adlerian theory, growing up as an only child can lead to a tendency towards egocentrism. This stems from the unique environment that only children are raised in, where they receive undivided attention from their parents and likely engage less frequently with peers while growing up. Consequently, the lack of sibling competition may foster a strong sense of self and individualism. While this can equip only children with a strong sense of self-advocacy, it can also contribute to a focus on their own needs and perspectives, which aligns with the idea of egocentrism. Adler's emphasis on social interest highlights the balance needed between individualism and social engagement, where an only child might need to work harder to develop empathy and consideration for others in social situations, leading to the potential for more self-centered feelings if not adequately nurtured.

The other options, while relevant in some contexts, do not encapsulate the most distinct Adlerian belief regarding only children. For instance, heightened independence or strong parental expectations may not universally apply to all only children, since environments can vary widely. Similarly, while lack of social skills can occur, it is not a definitive consequence of being an only child in Adlerian view.